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[bearbeiten] qemu --help
QEMU emulator version 0.12.90, Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
usage: qemu [options] [disk_image]
'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0
Standard options:
-h or -help display this help and exit
-version display version information and exit
-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)
-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)
-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
threads= number of threads on one CPU core
sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|unsafe|none][,format=f]
[,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
[,readonly=on|off]
use 'file' as a drive image
-set group.id.arg=value
set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
set a global default for a driver property
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=128]
-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards
use -soundhw all to enable all of them
-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
add device (based on driver)
prop=value,... sets driver properties
use -device ? to print all possible drivers
use -device driver,? to print all possible properties
File system options:
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=[mapped|passthrough]
Virtual File system pass-through options:
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped|passthrough]
-name string1[,process=string2]
set the name of the guest
string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
specify machine UUID
Display options:
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL
-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-no-quit disable SDL window close capability
-sdl enable SDL
-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]
select video card type
-full-screen start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc display start a VNC server on display
i386 target only:
-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi disable ACPI
-no-hpet disable HPET
-balloon none disable balloon device
-balloon virtio[,addr=str]
enable virtio balloon device (default)
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str]
[,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]
ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
Network options:
-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'
-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=y|n]
[,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]
[,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its
DHCP server and enabled optional services
-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,sndbuf=nbytes]
[,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h]
connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the
network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
default of 'sndbuf=1048576' can be disabled using 'sndbuf=0')
use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection
-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port
-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running
on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
ownership and permissions for communication port.
-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]
dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)
-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option
is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
-netdev [user|tap|vde|socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]
Character device options:
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]
[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,mux=on|off] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet],[mux=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
[,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
[,mux=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]
Bluetooth(R) options:
-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
-bt hci,host[:id]
use host's HCI with the given name
-bt hci[,vlan=n]
emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'
Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
Debug/Expert options:
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]
-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file write PID to 'file'
-singlestep always run in singlestep mode
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)
-hdachs c,h,s[,t]
force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-bios file set the filename for the BIOS
-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id
-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend
warning: should not be used when xend is in use
-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain
xend will use this when starting qemu
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown stop before shutdown
-loadvm [tag|id]
start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.
To see what timers are available use -clock ?
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [N|auto]
enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
instruction
-watchdog i6300esb|ib700
enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none
action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-virtioconsole c
set virtio console
-show-cursor show cursor
-tb-size n set TB size
-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p
-nodefaults don't create default devices
-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM
-prom-env variable=value
set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-semihosting semihosting mode
-old-param old param mode
-readconfig <file>
-writeconfig <file>
read/write config file
-nodefconfig
do not load default config files at startup
During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab
When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.
[bearbeiten] qemu -monitor stdio
QEMU 0.12.90 monitor - type 'help' for more information (qemu) help help|? [cmd] -- show the help commit device|all -- commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used) or backing files q|quit -- quit the emulator eject [-f] device -- eject a removable medium (use -f to force it) change device filename [format] -- change a removable medium, optional format screendump filename -- save screen into PPM image 'filename' logfile filename -- output logs to 'filename' log item1[,...] -- activate logging of the specified items to '/tmp/qemu.log' savevm [tag|id] -- save a VM snapshot. If no tag or id are provided, a new snapshot is created loadvm tag|id -- restore a VM snapshot from its tag or id delvm tag|id -- delete a VM snapshot from its tag or id singlestep [on|off] -- run emulation in singlestep mode or switch to normal mode stop -- stop emulation c|cont -- resume emulation gdbserver [device] -- start gdbserver on given device (default 'tcp::1234'), stop with 'none' x /fmt addr -- virtual memory dump starting at 'addr' xp /fmt addr -- physical memory dump starting at 'addr' p|print /fmt expr -- print expression value (use $reg for CPU register access) i /fmt addr -- I/O port read o /fmt addr value -- I/O port write sendkey keys [hold_ms] -- send keys to the VM (e.g. 'sendkey ctrl-alt-f1', default hold time=100 ms) system_reset -- reset the system system_powerdown -- send system power down event sum addr size -- compute the checksum of a memory region usb_add device -- add USB device (e.g. 'host:bus.addr' or 'host:vendor_id:product_id') usb_del device -- remove USB device 'bus.addr' device_add driver[,prop=value][,...] -- add device, like -device on the command line device_del device -- remove device cpu index -- set the default CPU mouse_move dx dy [dz] -- send mouse move events mouse_button state -- change mouse button state (1=L, 2=M, 4=R) mouse_set index -- set which mouse device receives events wavcapture path [frequency [bits [channels]]] -- capture audio to a wave file (default frequency=44100 bits=16 channels=2) stopcapture capture index -- stop capture memsave addr size file -- save to disk virtual memory dump starting at 'addr' of size 'size' pmemsave addr size file -- save to disk physical memory dump starting at 'addr' of size 'size' boot_set bootdevice -- define new values for the boot device list nmi cpu -- inject an NMI on the given CPU migrate [-d] [-b] [-i] uri -- migrate to URI (using -d to not wait for completion) -b for migration without shared storage with full copy of disk -i for migration without shared storage with incremental copy of disk (base image shared between src and destination) migrate_cancel -- cancel the current VM migration migrate_set_speed value -- set maximum speed (in bytes) for migrations migrate_set_downtime value -- set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migrations drive_add [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot> [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n] [,unit=m][,media=d][index=i] [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]] [snapshot=on|off][,cache=on|off] -- add drive to PCI storage controller pci_add auto|[[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot> nic|storage [[vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type]] [file=file][,if=type][,bus=nr]... -- hot-add PCI device pci_del [[<domain>:]<bus>:]<slot> -- hot remove PCI device host_net_add tap|user|socket|vde|dump [options] -- add host VLAN client host_net_remove vlan_id name -- remove host VLAN client netdev_add [user|tap|socket],id=str[,prop=value][,...] -- add host network device netdev_del id -- remove host network device hostfwd_add [vlan_id name] [tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport-[guestaddr]:guestport -- redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest (requires -net user) hostfwd_remove [vlan_id name] [tcp|udp]:[hostaddr]:hostport -- remove host-to-guest TCP or UDP redirection balloon target -- request VM to change its memory allocation (in MB) set_link name on|off -- change the link status of a network adapter watchdog_action [reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none] -- change watchdog action acl_show aclname -- list rules in the access control list acl_policy aclname allow|deny -- set default access control list policy acl_add aclname match allow|deny [index] -- add a match rule to the access control list acl_remove aclname match -- remove a match rule from the access control list acl_reset aclname -- reset the access control list mce cpu bank status mcgstatus addr misc -- inject a MCE on the given CPU getfd getfd name -- receive a file descriptor via SCM rights and assign it a name closefd closefd name -- close a file descriptor previously passed via SCM rights block_passwd block_passwd device password -- set the password of encrypted block devices qmp_capabilities -- enable QMP capabilities info [subcommand] -- show various information about the system state
[bearbeiten] qemu-img --help
qemu-img version 0.12.90, Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard
usage: qemu-img command [command options]
QEMU disk image utility
Command syntax:
check [-f fmt] filename
create [-f fmt] [-o options] filename [size]
commit [-f fmt] filename
convert [-c] [-f fmt] [-O output_fmt] [-o options] filename [filename2 [...]] output_filename
info [-f fmt] filename
snapshot [-l | -a snapshot | -c snapshot | -d snapshot] filename
rebase [-f fmt] [-u] -b backing_file [-F backing_fmt] filename
resize filename [+ | -]size
Command parameters:
'filename' is a disk image filename
'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases
'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes
'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M)
and T (terabyte, 1024G) are supported. 'b' is ignored.
'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename
'output_fmt' is the destination format
'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a
name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the
used format
'-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)
'-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file
match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before
rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)
'-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats
Parameters to snapshot subcommand:
'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete
'-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)
'-c' creates a snapshot
'-d' deletes a snapshot
'-l' lists all snapshots in the given image
Supported formats: raw cow qcow vdi vmdk cloop dmg bochs vpc vvfat qcow2
parallels nbd blkdebug sheepdog host_cdrom host_floppy host_device file tftp ftps ftp https http
[bearbeiten] qemu-nbd --help
Usage: qemu-nbd [OPTIONS] FILE
QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server
-p, --port=PORT port to listen on (default `1024')
-o, --offset=OFFSET offset into the image
-b, --bind=IFACE interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')
-k, --socket=PATH path to the unix socket
(default '/var/lock/qemu-nbd-DEVICE')
-r, --read-only export read-only
-P, --partition=NUM only expose partition NUM
-s, --snapshot use snapshot file
-n, --nocache disable host cache
-c, --connect=DEV connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV
-d, --disconnect disconnect the specified device
-e, --shared=NUM device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')
-t, --persistent don't exit on the last connection
-v, --verbose display extra debugging information
-h, --help display this help and exit
-V, --version output version information and exit
[bearbeiten] qemu-io --help
Usage: qemu-io [-h] [-V] [-rsnm] [-c cmd] ... [file] QEMU Disk exerciser -c, --cmd command to execute -r, --read-only export read-only -s, --snapshot use snapshot file -n, --nocache disable host cache -g, --growable allow file to grow (only applies to protocols) -m, --misalign misalign allocations for O_DIRECT -k, --native-aio use kernel AIO implementation (on Linux only) -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit